Essay about Violence in Greasy Lake and The Things They...

Both Tim OBriens The Things They Carried and T. Coraghessan Boyles Greasy Lake display characters similar reactions to violence, but in different settings and circumstances. In The Things They Carried, Fist Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is a soldier in the Vietnam War who finds solace and escape in fantasies of a young woman from home. One of Crosss soldiers dies due to his daydreaming and forces him to abandon these fantasies. In Greasy Lake, the main character finds enjoyment in picking fights and breaking the law. A late night tussle leads to encounter with a dead body, causing the main character to reflect upon his wild lifestyle. Both stories show a coming to maturity through violence, though in different forms. In The†¦show more content†¦He couldnt help it (OBrien 630). Surrounded by a world a war and violence, these daydreams are the only escape Lieutenant Cross has and he embraces them fully. When faced with violence, the main character from Greasy Lake not only acce pts it, but encourages it. Upon the boys arrival to Greasy Lake, he and his friends mistakenly hassle a stranger and his girlfriend. Instead of apologizing for the disturbance and trying to reason with the stranger, he and his friends immediately engage in battle, beating the stranger unconscious. The rage and violence of this attack does not end here. The main character turns his attention to the strangers girlfriend: It was the foxÂ… that set us offÂ… she was already tainted. We were on herÂ… grabbing for flesh (Boyle 133). The rape does not occur as the boys are chased away by an approaching vehicle, but the intent of a second violent event was fully present. Every opportunity for violence encountered by the main character is met with open arms. In The Things They Carried, violence brings forth an epiphany for First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross. Lieutenant Cross, while seeking comfort in his imagination, allows one of his men to be shot and killed. His lack of security led to an unnecessary casualty: [Cross] hated himself. He had loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Voice Within1869 Words   |  8 Pagesdesperate for attention, but they couldnt be more wrong. Jo Lunch, people, get down here now, screeched Laura, the managing assistant, dead on 1:15 every single day without fail. She was a middle-aged sickly looking woman, with long greasy jet-black hair. It was always scraped tight into a bun, pulling her skin so taut that it successfully stretched out the wrinkles beginning to show beneath her eyes. Jodie closes her diary and makes her way over to the bedroom doorRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pagesterm in the penitentiary, caused ruin, and then went on his way again. The cafà © has long since been closed, but it is still remembered. The place was not always a cafà ©. Miss Amelia inherited the building from her father, and it was a store that carried mostly feed, guano, and staples such as meal and snuff. Miss Amelia was rich. In addition to the store she operated a still three miles back in the swamp, and ran out the best liquor in the county. She was a dark, tall woman with bones and muscles

Coping With Loss, Mechanisms Of The Human Mind - 1743 Words

Coping with Loss; Mechanisms of the Human Mind When one loses someone or something valuable to them, the grief can be intense. But what happens when what they lose is actually a piece of them? Novels depicting a witness account of The Holocaust (1941 - 1945) paint a picture of the violence and moral anguish, which is accompanied by a loss to the protagonist. The plot shows a process of events that ultimately leads to death and devastation. Both protagonists in Elie Wiesel’s Night and Wladyslaw Szpilman’s The Pianist gradually fall into the abyss of inhumane behaviour. Post Holocaust, they embark on a new life free from social restraints and become either unmindful or compliant to the losses they faced on their journey. Elie and Wladyslaw†¦show more content†¦From then on, I had no other name† (Wiesel 42). The minorities in the concentration camps are no longer individuals, but are dehumanized into empty shells of themselves. The longer they remain in camp s, the more they are reduced to a mere physical presence, losing their selves to their self-preservation instinct, and eventually becoming just hungry, nearly dead bodies. Counting the days until his liberation, Elie thought â€Å"[He] was nothing but a body. Perhaps even less: a famished stomach. The stomach alone was measuring time† (Wiesel 52). The loss of the right to be an individual confuses Elie, making him question whether he is too weak to survive, giving readers their first glimpse into his change in personality. From a loyal son who fought his father’s battles, he becomes the betrayer, allowing his father to be killed right in front of his eyes. This change in personality is derived from a Level 3 Defense Mechanism of the human mind known as Dissociation. This Defence Mechanism involves the victim modifying their own identity to avoid the suffering accompanied by a traumatic situation. Elie alters his characteristics to be better suited for survival, as seen in how he sacrificed his father, something he claimed he would never do, perhaps as a way of providing a reason for this sudden change in personality. By dissociating himself to overcome trauma, Elie loses his sense of his identity and what he was raised to believe in. Loss is understood as a natural part of

Nursing Management for Kelly Post Surgery

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Management for Kelly Post Surgery. Answer: Introduction This essay is based on a case study of Kelly Malone who is 49 years old female patient suffering from breathing problem because of nasal blockage during her sleep. Septoplasty also called nasal septum repair refers to a medical operation which corrects defect of the nasal septum, the part which separates the two cavities in the nose (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano, 2014). There are cases in which nasal cavities get partially blocked as result of a deformity of the nasal septum. Nasal septum can collapse on either side of the nostril hence making the process of breathing difficult. Ethmoidectomy is the surgical procedure in which ethmoid sinus cells are dissected to treat infection and sinus obstruction which makes a patient suffers from chronic sinus complications. Ethmoidectomy targets to open of airways. Before performing ethmoidectomy, a patient needs to meet certain conditions. For instance, the diagnosis must reveal obstruction of airways, septal spur headache as well as freque nt nose bleeding, and septal deformity (Obeid, et at., 2014). Background Conditions Kelly Malone, who is the patient, has been diagnosed with the problem of not breathing well when she is sleeping. Post- operative conditions of Kelly do not show large deviation. Her respiratory rate remains at 18 beats per minute. But her body temperature, blood pressure, heart beat rates, and oxygen saturation drops slightly compared to the values observed before the operation. The primary goal of performing Saploptasty and ethmoidectomy is to align nasal septum to avoid blocking air during the process of inhalation. Usually after a surgical operation; a nasal bolster is inserted above the nose to support septum recovery by exerting pressure on the skin. It prevents fluid accumulation in the region grafted hence facilitates healing in the skin underneath. Nursing Process Nursing process entails step by step procedures which nurses follow so as to improve provision of quality health care to different patients with varying needs. The processes are majorly divided into five stages which include assessment, diagnosis, planning, evaluations, and implementation. The discussion hereafter therefore provides management of septoplasty and right ethmoidectomy by employing the five nursing processes. Assessment Kelly preliminary report after surgery shows that her heart rate, oxygen saturation in the blood, body temperature, and blood pressure are not exposing her to any major risk. The two medical surgeries, septoplasty, and ethmoidectomy enhance patients chances of breathing regularly hence enough oxygen saturation in the blood. The patient does not indicate a big deviation in her post-operative conditions. Nonetheless her body temperature, oxygen saturation, heartbeat, and blood pressure slightly dropped, her respiratory rate is still 18 beats per minute. Nursing Diagnosis Excessive bleeding is one of the major complications which Kelly may face. Ethmoidectomy operation requires that a surgeon makes some incision in the delicate tissues (Younes Elzayat, 2016). So, Kelly will experience counts of nose bleeding which is normal. Damages to tissues around in the nostrils are more likely to cause a free flow of blood to the open nasal cavities. However, after a few days, nose bleeding may reduce significantly. The procedures involved in septoplasty or nasal septum repair results into destroying blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Though blood vessels will finally reconnect back, before then, some level of bleeding will occur. It is, therefore, critical for a nurse taking care of Kelly to monitor blood oozing from the skin beneath and the surgical region inside the nasal cavity (Morgan, Stanik-Hutt, 2015). Consequently, the use of splints to hold tissues in the nostril will reduce the intensity of nose bleeding. In some more pressure exerted to the nose can lead to nose bleeding, especially after post -operation (Obeid, et at., 2014). Patients, therefore, need to avoid activities which create pressure on the delicate areas operated. For examples, during release bowel, muscles strain around the face. Planning Planning to manage Kellys post-operative situation focuses on reducing wound infection as well as inflammation of nasal cavity, minimizing further relapse nasal blockage, and preventing nose bleeding. It is important to note that postoperative care will depend on to an extent the approach used (Kadam Danesh, 2016). Kelly will receive constant antibiotic therapy and pain medication. Ethmoidectomy can adversely result to damage of right medial rectus muscles and iatrogenic orbital hemorrhage. Destruction of rectus muscles can severely affect a patient. For instance, it leads to a limitation to ocular motility, diplopia, and eyelid bruising; nevertheless, physical injury to rectus muscle does not affect patients visual functioning (Schneider, et al., 2015). Patients who show severe cases of iatrogenic orbital hemorrhage can re-undergo surgery to stop bleeding. Post-operative research conducted on patients who had received ethmoidectomy treatment reveals, some level, interference with o ptic nerves as well as blood vessels linked to the dura matter in the brain (Zhu, et al., 2014). Therefore, in some rare cases, a patient suffers blindness or even death, when the level of damage to nerves is extreme. The second post-surgery care concerns infections. Kelly in the process of healing can experience swelling on her wound. It is therefore significant to have appropriate plan to manage swelling on Kellys wound. The swelling occurs because of the damaged to blood vessels during the surgical procedures (Suzuki et al., 2016). Again, discharge iatrogenic orbital discharge, and other fluids from mucous membrane in the septum may accumulate hence enhancing chances of bacterial infections. It is, therefore, significant to monitor her 24 hours after the medical operation, to check the possibility of any form of hemorrhage (Kilicaslan, Acar, Tekin, Ozdamar, 2016). Bleeding from ethmoid vessels and nasal blood vessels can expose the patient to micro-bacterial infections. Disinfecting nasal bolster is critical in the management of Kellys septum wound. Moreover, she is more prone to sinus infection because of trapping of air and mucus to the mucous membrane (Nguyen, et al., 2016). High level of h ygiene by cleaning of the nose using 3% of hydrogen peroxide can reduce the possibility of infections on Kellys wound. The other major issue which will require nursing concern is relapsed nasal obstruction. For the first few days after surgery, Kellys respiratory system may not function normally. However, after sometimes, when the healing will have occurred successfully, her breathing system can eventually assume normal breathing operations. Inflammatory in the nostrils after surgical treatment can contribute to blocking of the nose which limits continuous flow of air through the nasal cavity (Parahoo, 2014). Whereas the primary objective of conducting septoplasty and ethmoidectomy is to release congestions for air particles to move freely along respiratory, there are incidences when relapse occurs. Massive hemorrhage and swelling of the blood vessels in the nose is one of the causes of chronic blockage, especially after surgery. Moreover, the accumulation of mucus from mucous membrane wall can further complicate the situation. A patient should adversely ensure that nasal cavity remains moist after t reatment. Implementation Kellys post-operative medical conditions reflect that she is completely out of any danger. Her body temperature of 36.2 o C is slightly below the normal body temperature of a healthy individual. Since she is under medications, her post-operative drugs consist of pain relievers, antibacterial doses, inflammatory treatment, and fluid resuscitation in the body. The use of Compound Sodium Lactate is to restore the level of fluid loss as a result of surgery and bleeding (Morgan, Stanik-Hutt,2015).While Celecoxib 200mg PO BD reduces the degree of swelling in the nasal cavity which can cause Kelly more pain. Kellys post-operative care aims at reducing the level of the pain which most patient face after surgery. Similarly, she must have lost some body fluids hence intravenous injection restores the amount of electrolyte in her blood (Dougherty Lister, 2015). The patients blood pressure after post-operation is not alarming, however, her respiratory rate call for closer monitoring. Evaluation Prevention of wound infection, recurrent nasal blockage, and bleeding are some of the concern that a nurse managing Kellys post-operative will address. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the success of various mechanisms used to assist Kelly recovers completely. The nurse requires removing nasal bolster 48 to 72 hours after the operation. Again topical nasal decongestants are used for the first three days and then stopped. Nasal decongestant helps patient to breathe regularly since it prevents nasal blockage (Potter, Perry, Stockert Hall, 2016). Subsequent use of ice cube on the outside parts of the nose will also help Kelly to reduce pain. Similarly, the use of two pillows to support her head region so as to prevent septum from leaning on either side of the nostril is advisable to facilitate smooth recovery Potential Nursing Problems Potential Nursing problems concerning Kelly condition involve preventing wound infection, secondly helping her maintain appropriate oxygen saturation in the blood, and finally managing her respiratory rate. Ethmoid discharge can facilitate infection within the surgical part. Likewise; the use of nasal bolster to an extent may obstruct nasal discharge. Nasal bolster exerts some excessive pressure on the septum hence leading to accumulation of fluids beneath (Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, Swanson, 2014).Consequently, as the Kelly recovers from post-operation, the air cell in the sinus may temporarily get blocked. The outcome which most patient can feel is the low amount of oxygen saturation hence feeling of dizziness and occasionally fainting when the situation I severe. Again, the because of limited space for passage of air in the nostrils, Kelly rate of breathing will increase alarmingly (Nguyen, 2015). The nurse in charge of her must continuously assist her to inhale desirably well. Post-Operative Education Post-operative education for Kelly quick recovery addresses how she will manage her wound to avoid further nasal blockage and bleeding. The surgery is a day care procedure since patients get admitted and discharged few hours after the Surgery to go home (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano,2014). The ENT patients, therefore, play a critical role in the process to recover. Kelly needs to remain in the hospital for 8 to 10 hours as the effect of anesthesia fades. She requires not blowing her nose for the period of seven days after the operation (Kilicaslan, 2016). Additionally, Kelly must avoid holding her breath tightly during the bowel movement because the can strain nasal muscles hence nose bleeding. Similarly driving a car or swimming within the first one week after treatment may impair Kelly process of recovery. She must not participate in strenuous activities. Finally, Kelly will have to visit hospital one week after the operation to remove clots through suction to get better relief. Potential Complication Involvement of Different Personnel Septoplasty and ethmoidectomy surgery may lead to loss of sensitivity to smell, feeling of numbness as well as a sinus headache. Whichever the case, management of complications relies on the interdisciplinary team. Treatment involving septoplasty and ethmoidectomy requires a multidisciplinary approach. Various health personnel perform different roles. For instance, anesthetist will prepare the patient before the operation begins (Gillman, Egloff Rivera?Serrano, 2014). Again the anesthetist will also monitor the patient during the post-operative period. Anesthetist discusses with the patient the side effects of anesthesia and how the client can overcome (Kadam Danesh, 2016). Similarly, ENT surgeon plays a critical role to ensure that the patient surgical procedure is complete. Additionally, a nurse who provides post-operative care to recovering patient has also a vital role as part of the medical team towards recovery process. Conclusions Chronic sinus complication and collapse septum can impair a person respiratory system. Patients who experience uncontrolled nose bleeding and persistent nasal obstruction are likely to undergo septoplasty and ethmoidectomy. The two medical procedures open nasal airway to enable a patient breaths efficiently (Schneider, et al., 2015). However, post-operative care is very critical to avoid the relapse of nasal obstruction or massive nasal hemorrhage. Similarly, as part of nursing procedures, it is significant to evaluate patient pre-operative and post-operative medical conditions (Jimnez-Chobillon, et al., 2016). The two conditions enable health service providers to understand the progress which a client is making. Nonetheless, patients require postoperative education to help them successfully manage the process of efficient recovery. References Anderson, D. J., et al., (2014). Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,35(06), 605-627. Dougherty, L., Lister, S. (2015).The Royal Marsden manual of clinical nursing procedures. New York (NY): John Wiley Sons. Gillman, G. S., Egloff, A. M., Rivera?Serrano, C. M. (2014). Revision septoplasty: A prospective disease?specific outcome study.The Laryngoscope,124(6), 1290-1295. Jimnez-Chobillon, M. A., et al., (2016). Refinement of the nasalisation technique for nasal polyposis.European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases,133(4), 237-241. Kadam, V. R., Danesh, M. (2016). Post operative capnostream monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea symptomsCase series.Sleep Science. Kilicaslan, A., Acar, G. O., Tekin, M., Ozdamar, O. I. (2016). Assessment the long-term effects of septoplasty surgery on olfactory function.Acta oto-laryngologica,136(10), 1079-1084. Obeid, A. A., et al., (2014). Development and testing for an operative competency assessment tool for nasal septoplasty surgery.American journal of rhinology allergy,28(4), e163- e167. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. (2014).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC): measurement of health outcomes. Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences. Morgan, B., Stanik-Hutt, J. (2015). Utilization of a Preemptive, Multimodal Analgesic Regimen in Adult Ambulatory Septoplasty Patients: A Quality Improvement Project.ORL-head and neck nursing: official journal of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses,33(4), 6-13. Nguyen, D. T., et al., (2015). Facial pain/headache before and after surgery in patients with nasal polyposis.Acta oto-laryngologica,135(10), 1045-1050. Parahoo, K. (2014).Nursing research: principles, process and issues.London: Palgrave Macmillan. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of nursing. Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences. Schneider, J. S., et al., (2015). Early practice: external sinus surgery and procedures and complications.Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America,48(5), 839-850. Suzuki, S., Yasunaga, H., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Kondo, K., Yamasoba, T. (2015). Complication rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of 50,734 Japanese patients.The Laryngoscope,125(8), 1785-1791. Younes, A., Elzayat, S. (2016). The role of septoplasty in the management of nasal septum fracture: a randomized quality of life study.International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,45(11), 1430-1434. Zhu, J. H., et al., (2014). Effects of anterior ethmoidectomy with and without antrotomy and uncinectomy on nasal and maxillary sinus airflows: A CFD study.Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering,34(2), 144-149.

Invisible Man By Ellison Essays (2055 words) - Invisible Man

Invisible Man By Ellison "Who the hell am I?" (Ellison 386) This question puzzled the invisible man, the unidentified, anonymous narrator of Ralph Ellison's acclaimed novel Invisible Man. Throughout the story, the narrator embarks on a mental and physical journey to seek what the narrator believes is "true identity," a belief quite mistaken, for he, although unaware of it, had already been inhabiting true identities all along. The narrator's life is filled with constant eruptions of mental traumas. The biggest psychological burden he has is his identity, or rather his misidentity. He feels "wearing on the nerves" (Ellison 3) for people to see him as what they like to believe he is and not see him as what he really is. Throughout his life, he takes on several different identities and none, he thinks, adequately represents his true self, until his final one, as an invisible man. The narrator thinks the many identities he possesses does not reflect himself, but he fails to recognize that identity is simply a mirror that reflects the surrounding and the person who looks into it. It is only in this reflection of the immediate surrounding can the viewers relate the narrator's identity to. The viewers see only the part of the narrator that is apparently connected to the viewer's own world. The part obscured is unknown and therefore insignificant. Lucius Brockway, an old operator of the paint factory, saw the narrator only as an existence threatening his job, despite that the narrator is sent there to merely assist him. Brockway repeatedly question the narrator of his purpose there and his mechanical credentials but never even bother to inquire his name. Because to the old fellow, who the narrator is as a person is uninterested. What he is as an object, and what that object's relationship is to Lucius Brockway's engine room is important. The narrator's identity is derived from this relationship, and this relationship suggests to Brockway that his identity is a "threat". However the viewer decides to see someone is the identity they assign to that person. The Closing of The American Mind, by Allan Bloom, explains this identity phenomenon by comparing two "ships of states" (Bloom 113). If one ship "is to be forever at sea, [and] K another is to reach port and the passengers go their separate ways, they think about one another and their relationships on the ship very differently in the two cases" (Bloom 113). In the first state, friends will be acquainted and enemies will be formed, while in the second state, the passengers will most likely not bother to know anyone new, and everyone will get off the ship and remain strangers to one another. A person's identity is unalike to every different viewer at every different location and situation. This point the narrator senses but does not fully understand. During his first Brotherhood meeting, he exclaimed, "I am a new citizen of the country of your vision, a native of your fraternal land!" (Ellison 328) He preaches to others the fact that identity is transitional yet he does not accept it himself. Maybe he thought it distressing being liked not for being his true self but because of the identity he puts on or being hated not for being himself but because of his identity. To Dr. Bledsoe, the principal of the black southern university where the narrator attended, the narrator is a petty "black educated fool" (Ellison 141). To Mr. Norton, a rich white trustee of the black university, the narrator is a simple object intertwined with his fate, a mere somebody, he explained to the narrator, that "were somehow connected with [his (Mr. Norton's)] destiny" (Ellison 41). To the organizers of the Brotherhood, Jack, Tobitt, and the others, the narrator is what they designed him to be. They designed for him an identity of a social speaker and leader, and to his listeners and followers, he is just that. Those were his multiple identities and none were less authentic than the others because to his onlookers, he is what his identities say he is, even if he thinks differently. The narrator always had a desire for people "who could give [him] a proper reflection of [his] importance" (Ellison 160). But there is no such thing as a proper reflection because his importance varies among different people. Subconsciously, he craves attention. He wants recognition and status, and wants to be honored as someone special. He must feel that he "can have no dignity if his status is not special, if he is not essentially different"(Bloom

How the policies of new right and new deal have changed from the 1970s till now The WritePass Journal

How the policies of new right and new deal have changed from the 1970s till now How the policies of new right and new deal have changed from the 1970s till now IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction This assignment will be looking at how the policies of new right and new deal have changed from the 1970s till now; it will also be looking at the changes that have occurred from the second war. This assignment will also be looking at the new right and new labour, what Beveridge and Keynes were about.it will also be looking at the consensus from the late 1960s and how social scientist retrieved new evidence that poverty and homelessness still exist, the rediscovery era that problems prior to the welfare state are still here. It will then look at the resultant rise in state spending and intervention. It will look at the economic crisis- long term benefits were to blame and it was the underserving’s fault. Political crisis will also be mentioned that fewer people are voting and the green party are not concerned with bankruptcy. The crisis also involved social and internal contradictions. It will then mention the conservative government- rolling back the state, privatisation, cen tralisation, tax cuts for the rich and benefit cuts for the poor. Finally it will look at the new labour-welfare to work, moralising and coalition government changes. There are many different arguments into how the welfare state started developing and attitudes towards the welfare state are very different, The new right came about in the 1970s the new right was a very strong political force and held a very powerful position in many countries throughout the 1970s and 1980s, they came about when economic difficulties overtook global economy in the years after 1973. They also reacted to the consistent amount of public spending that was occurring throughout the 1960s. There are many reasons in which the new right believe in why the welfare state has involved its self in the welfare and industrial societies. What the new right argues is that two false conclusions had been made from the World War 2 wartime experience. The first false conclusion that had been made was that during the war collective purpose is possible and if that is the case then it is also possible in the peace time, and the second false conclusion was that the government had planned th e war and therefore it would be easy for the government to plan the peace. The new right sees that the governments war time successes, and the government shown what it was able to do through the wartime and therefore it should do it. The new right blame two people for the new politics, in whom contributed so much into the continuous development of the welfare state and these two people were known as Keynes and Beveridge. There were three things in particular that the new right blamed Keynes for doing and these three things were that firstly Keynes didn’t like the profit motive at all neither did Keynes like the pursuit of gain, secondly Keynes freed the governments from   budgeting legitimate and finally the ways in which Keynes writings were perceived that â€Å" set the economical literature in Britain on a journey that industrial organisations and the employment of high fraction of the labour force on productive and profitable work were considered to be of secondary imp ortance. (Wiener, 1981 cited in V,G and P.W 1994:16). According to Alcock (2000) there was two simple facts based on evidence for the cause of the economic crisis, the first fact was that the demand for services and bigger and greater service provision, will always take the biggest priority over the resources that were available especially financial within any advanced western society. The second fact was that the changes of demographic patterns in western notions, such as the increase of dependant elderly alongside with the dwindling amount of individuals of working age, the tax base to be reduced wherever it can be financed in any of the welfare states. There were an enormous amount of factors which emerged that argued the political crisis, one of these was that a number of commentators started to question whether or not the welfare state was still needed as it was unable to offer the things it had originally   promised to set out to do. Instead it seemed to be causing positive harm, especially on the responsibility of individuals, it was also suggested by the political crisis that the political institutions were being questioned due to their legitimacy ruling of society because they were in the process of decline. This crisis continued to manifest and this was causing less support for the electoral for the biggest political parties. It had also been said that the political crisis had reflected so much on the bureaucratic control over the welfare state, this meant that the bureaucratises would become bigger not taking into consideration of the efficient., so here is where it suggest that social policies have failed to sort out these social issues when these issues were something they set out to deal with in the first place, it could be said they have in fact made the social issues a lot worse or probably started off a whole lot of new ones. With the rise of divorce, illegitimacy and single parenthood it is clearly shown to be evidence for one of the causes for the social crisis of the welfare state,.one of the main issues and probably the most damaging to address was that of internal contradiction as the welfare state was unable to address this very issue. This assignment will now move onto the â€Å"Big Five† and these five issues came about by the Beveridge Report. Beveridge did a report that identified what he called as the â€Å"Big Five† and it was apparently the â€Å"Big Five† that was stopping Britain from becoming a modern society. The â€Å"Big Five† were known as these five things want ignorance, disease, squalor and idleness. Want referred to people that were in need of financial support to keep them from becoming ill and keep them just above the poverty line. Second was ignorance and this was mainly aimed at poor education. Thirdly was disease and this was to do with the lack of national health care, it needed to be paid for as in these days it wasn’t free. The forth was squalor and this was due to poor housing and slums, and finally idleness was due to the depression of unemployed individuals if all of the â€Å"big five â€Å"could be tackled then Britain would move forward. (Alcock 2000). The conservatives won election in 1979 , Margaret thatcher- rolling back of the state, gradual built up of the state its involving itself more and more, government gets too involved, pulling out â€Å"laissez fraire†. Rolling back the frontiers of the state (people losing homes) state referred to new right, people become lazy and need pushing back into employment. 1979 conservative victory- more people became unemployed, cuts money in other places, homes/towns/transport etc†¦ people become on strike. Thatcher was elected for government in 1979; her intensions were to â€Å"roll back the state† her government was all about making â€Å"cuts† and reducing the public spending to its minimum to allow tax cuts and especially to bring down the rates of income tax. In the first few years of thatcher’s government more and more people became unemployed. The labour government were elected in May 1997, it was made clear that reform was needed, labour were determ ined not to increase the income on tax rates, labour needed to make a turning point within the welfare state after taking over from the thatcher government and four of the main themes that seemed to stand out the most towards the welfare state were an attempt to control public spending, privatisation, targeting and the rising in equality. This new government tried to turn new corners with these four issues. The public spending was to be held for 2 years and the income tax was not to be increased. More money was being spent on the new deal instead to bring down the unemployment levels, and this was initially aimed towards the younger unemployed. 1997-1998 budgets had become higher, meaning that more money was spent on health and education that was planned originally. In October 1998 free funding for university education came into place, but was placed on a means-tested basis for those students who were from poor families, students could access different loans, a grant to help with li ving cost, and a system was set up that allowed the loans to be paid back by a percentage of the students future income (Deacon 2002). Some changes that have occurred from 1970s and onwards ,lone parent families had risen from twelve percent to twenty- three percent between the years of 1979-1995, 80% of these lone parents were dependent on the lowest income benefit from the state and this was known as income support. Public spending had been reduced due to the fact of national income nearly reaching 50 percent in the years 1975-1976. By 1991 18.5 percent of the population were made up from the elderly, (65 years of age for men) and (60 years of age for the women) this had risen by 1971. This wasn’t the only problem that had occurred there was great concern for the state pensions but also the health service including personal social services and nursing homes for pensioners over the age of 85 as this population was increasing fast. (Deacon 2002). Hayek and Friedman – Argue that the state should be reduced to its minimum as we have become slaves to the state, the welfare state is breaking down communities, people are depending too much on the state for money, state involvement undermines the dynamic force within society by interfering with the market, reducing freedom. The welfare state has taken away community networks and left people reliant on the state. Great rise in unemployment, prices drop and this isn’t good for the economy. Rise in low paid work, casual work and women will work for less. Welfare dependency- poor are being blamed- they all have the dole and that’s the reason the economy has gone into decline (Alcock 2000). Here are some of the things that the labour government have achieved since the ending of the World War 2. The labour government got victory and won the election over the conservatives, under the leadership of Clement Attlee, whom promised to tackle Beveridges â€Å"Big Giants†. What labour did for Want was in 1946 the national insurance act came about and benefits were given to the unemployed, pregnant women, pensions for the retired and allowances for the sick, widowed and mothers. 1946 the industrial injuries act, this provided compensation to workers that had been injured. 1948 national assistance act this helped the poorest people within society, poor law, the workhouse and the unemployment assistant boards were scrapped. The things labour did for Ignorance 1994 education act was put forward by the conservatives this was to enable free education for primary and secondary schools for all children, the school leaving age is 15 years of age but later was moved to 16 there was n’t enough money for this to happen at this time so this wasn’t agreed until 1947 when labour passed this act into law. Ignorance And Idleness employment and training act 1948 this established a new workforce, gave funding for school leavers and de mobbed servicemen to train as they had no training for a job after returning from the army. Aimed at regenerating areas of previously high unemployment industrial areas, Squalor 1946/1949 housing acts gave financial help to local authorities to rebuild cities that had been damaged during the war. Between 1945/1949 1.25 million permanent new homes were built. And this doesn’t include the temporarily houses. 1946/1949 rent control act tenants interest were put above there landlords. 1946 new towns act, 14 new towns were to be built. Disease 1948 National Health Service act this was probably one of the biggest to be tackled by labour government. Free accessible health care system to benefit all individuals this began in July 1948. By 1949 8.5 million people had received free dental care, 5.75 million pair of glasses had been issued and 187 million prescriptions had been dispensed. All of these proved to be very expensive, the initial annual budget was to be 187 million but the actual cost per year was 355 million. In 1951 charges were brought in for some services such as dental, eye care and prescriptions. (Chandler 2002). The Crisis is economic, political, social and internal contradictions. The welfare state went into crisis for these four reasons politically the welfare state wasn’t affordable. In conclusion to this assignment it would be fair to say that quite a lot of things have happened with the welfare state over the years, there are a mix of judgements of what the welfare should be doing or rather what it shouldn’t be, for example the new right believe that the welfare state is economically damaging. The issues that have been explored within this assignment are more or less to do with means and ends. It would be fair to say that a majority of individuals or if not all would prefer to live in a society with equality, opportunities, more choice and freedom. The state should be used for common purposes such as protection, health care and education, a large amount of people depend on the welfare state too much and maybe it needs to take a step back. Bibliography http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/5553/1/Thatcherism_New_Labour_and_the_Welfare_State.pdf accessed 06/05/2011 Alcock C (et al) (2000) Introducing Social Policy,Prentice Hall Beveridge, W.H. (1942) Social Insurance and Allied Services, Cmd 6404, HMSO:London. Chandler, M (2002) Britain In The Age Of Total War 1939-45, Heinemann Educational Publishers George V, Wilding P (1994) Welfare And Ideology Pearson Education Limited. Deacon P (2002) Perspectives on welfare Buckingham: Open University Press Midwinter E (1994) The Development of Social Welfare in Britain. Buckingham: Open University Press

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example This paper will look at Costco’s foray into the bridal market and its attempt to cater to the readymade wedding gowns segment for brides to be, albeit using the services of Los Angeles designer Kirstie Kelley. Discussion It seems that Costco has been deliberating its move into the market for bridal gowns for some time now. It had already been offering engagement rings, invitation cards and even honeymoon packages for the bride and groom- but the move into designer inspired wedding dresses leaves no doubt that Costco sees a future in this segment of the population that visits its store. Marriages and divorces are increasingly a part of our lives, whether in the media, on film or in real life. The marriage rate has declined since the 1970s, with the median age for first marriage increasing to as much as 28 years for males and 26 years for females- since couples either now wait till they can afford it, or live together and marry later in life. The highest rate for marriages and d ivorces was recorded in Virginia, being 21 per 1000 and 19 per 1000 male residents respectively in 2011 (Morello, 2011). The store will unveil its offerings via in-store trunk shows, which will allow the prospective customers not only to inspect the dresses but also try them on for size and look. The first state to have a show will be California, with arrangements for Oregon, Arizona, Colorado and Washington to follow. Costco has been giving tough competition to target and Wal-mart in the USA and both its sales and profits registered an increase over the last quarter, revenues rising from $312 billion to $320 billion over the period ending November 20 (Daniel, 2011). With the cost of the bride’s dress being a big part of the wedding expenses, Costco’s move will help many to tie the knot in style without being an added burden on their pocket. The average wedding costs $27,000. The business has been growing over the website, where couples can also select invitations and flowers. The initiative has also been highlighted in Costco’s local membership magazine. The six designs being offered range in price from $699 to $1399, compared to the $2000 to $7000 Kelley usually charges for a designer creation. Typically a bride will spend $1099 on a wedding dress, as noted by media company the Knot. The same research also found that there is a wide difference between wedding expenses across the USA, with the high average being around $70,000 in New York and the low being around $12,000 in Utah. All the same, 12 percent of brides surveyed spent over $40,000 on their wedding day. Taking all this into account, we can see how Costco is really making a change in the social phenomena by reducing the cost of wedding gown, ring, invitation and honeymoon package- which is almost everything connected with the event from the bride’s perspective at least- to a manageable level. Its coverage of the entire deal will help many tie the knot earlier and with much less of a financial burden. It is a good way to help local communities as well (Anonymous, ‘Pricing’, 2011). Being the work of a designer, Costco can afford to position its line against other designers of repute- showing how to save and yet look like a million bucks on your wedding day. As the tours go on and the trend gets popular, it can become a major

Security Essentials 5.5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Security Essentials 5.5 - Essay Example Edinburgh correctional facility does not house murderers and sexual offenders. Inmates with murder charges are known to be quite aggressive hence posing threats to the security of the facility. Female inmates are not convicted in the facility because the inmates are subjected to labour that would otherwise not be executable to female inmates. A maintenance priority work plan that entails the generation of annual reports is a security essential in the Edinburgh correctional facility. Annual reports are vital as far as security is concerned because the reports reflect the activities taking place in the facility throughout the year. From the annual reports, possible security flaws can be identified and appropriate action taken to that effect. Annual reports help in maintaining consistency in the security procedures and proper coordination of the security apparatus in the facility. From the analysis of the reports, better and secure work plans can be formulated and in this way security i s improved. Visiting protocols in Edinburgh correctional facility have been put out clearly to ensure that visitors do not compromise the state of security in the facility. Visitation is done four days a week on Sunday, Monday, Friday and Saturday. The timeframe ensures that due procedures are followed, and the visiting is done in a systematic manner without causing alterations to the normal security protocols in the facility. Edinburgh correctional facility has a systematic procedure that governs the movement of prisoners in and out of the facility. The procedures must be followed to the latter. Prisoners move into the facility through building 641 and go out and come back from work through building 640. Systematic movement makes it easy for the guards to monitor the movement of the inmates in this way averting any possible escape plans that may be conceived by inmates. It is impossible for the inmates to establish